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Depending on the form, variety, water supply and technology Distance between the rows:
1.8-2.5m
Distance in row:
1.0-1.2m
Fertilization of permanent crops, such as grapes, differs significantly from an annual crop. Especially on steep slopes, cover crops are planted to provide protection from erosion and to make access easier. The cover crops influence the humus content and soil life, which is important for nutrient supply. The composition of plant species in this green strip plays an essential role as it can lead to significant competition for water and nutrients. The quantity of nutrients fertilized is based on the amount of nutrients extracted.
(Unit/t of production)
(Unit/t of production)
N
1.4
0.6
Sensitive
P2O5
0.4
0.2
Sensitive
K2O
1.6
1.2
Sensitive
MgO
0.5
0.2
Moderately Sensitive
TE
Boron (B), iron (Fe) and manganese (Mn) as foliar fertilization
Nitrogen fertilization
Nitrogen (N) occupies a central position in the metabolism of the vine. Nitrogen in viticulture has a significant influence on growth, fruit setting and yield. Most nitrogen in soil is contained in the soil organic matter. Only a small proportion is released, mineralized and made available to the plants by soil microorganisms. This can result in a delivery of approximately 50-150kg N/ha/year. In good soil conditions, none or only a small amount of nitrogen fertilization is required in the first years of development. The cover crops must be supplied with nitrogen, especially in poor soil conditions, in order to prevent competition with the vines. The quantities range between 0 and 30 kg N/ha/year, depending on the soil conditions.
Foliar fertilization offers possible nutrient supplementation for the juvenile plants. This is especially effective in periods of drought.
The nitrogen requirement of yielding plants depends on the soil organic matter content, the yield expectation, the variety, tillage, and water supply.
Phosphorus and potassium
P and K fertilization in autumn before tillage is useful. Fertilizers containing chlorides should only be used in autumn. Juvenile plants and rootstocks must be fertilized without chloride.
Micronutrients
Boron deficiency occurs especially in dry years on sandy and clayey soils. Foliar boron fertilization is preferable over soil fertilization. Iron (Fe) is actively taken up as Fe2+, Fe3+ and as Fe chelate via the root. It is important for chlorophyll formation and the growth process. The mobility of iron in the plant is low. Bicarbonates often inhibit its availability in the soil. Symptoms of iron deficiency are leaf yellowing (chlorosis) and a lack of shoot development. The deficiency is more pronounced on dense clay-rich soils or on chalky sites; however, an oversupply of phosphate or copper can also increase these symptoms. Manganese (Mn) is actively taken up via the root as Mn2+ ion or as Mn chelate and is important for the activation of a range of enzymes. The mobility of manganese in the plant is moderate. There is also an antagonistic interaction between manganese and iron. Excess manganese predominates on acidic soils and waterlogged soils under anaerobic conditions.
ONE APPLICATION IN SPRING
Fertilization of juvenile and yielding plants is done in one single fertilizer application of a chloride-free / low-chloride, high-potassium multi-nutrient fertilizer in spring. The amount applied is based on nitrogen extraction and is approximately 30kg N/ha for juvenile plants and 40-50kg N/ha for yielding plants. At phosphate deficient locations, targeted fertilization of the subsoil may be carried out.
LAT Nitrogen Austria GmbH
St.-Peter-Strasse 25
4021 Linz, Austria