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(Unit/t of production)
(Unit/t of production)
N
1.8
0.8
Very Sensitive
P2O5
0.8
0.3
Sensitive
K2O
2.9
1.8
Very Sensitive
CaO
4.9
0.1
Very Sensitive
MgO
0.8
0.2
Sensitive
TE
Boron (B) if required
The nutritional requirements of fruit trees can be covered by 4 different fertilization variants:
1. Topsoil fertilization
Granulated fertilizers are applied by fertilizer spreader. The great advantage of this application technique is its high level of performance per hectare and the fact that the technology is universally available.
2. Fertilization of the tree strips
Best suited for N fertilization in liquid form. The liquid fertilizer is dissolved in the tank and can be applied in a targeted manner using a boom sprayer. The nutrients are more targeted to the trees through this application.
3. Fertigation
Fertigation is the addition of fertilizer to irrigation water using suitable equipment. The advantage of fertigation is that the nutrients are applied continuously and in a targeted manner, reaching the vicinity of the root area. The increasingly widespread use of drip irrigation systems in orchards has also increased the importance of fertigation.
4. Foliar fertilization
Foliar applications of fertilizer are suitable when deficiencies need to be addressed swiftly. The roots cannot absorb all the required nutrients at the desired rate (under particular soil or weather conditions). When this happens, one or more applications of foliar fertilizers are beneficial. Nutrients that miss the leaf can also be taken up from the soil.
Nitrogen fertilization
Calcium fertilization
Magnesium
Nitrogen fertilization takes place over two to three doses once the growth stage has begun, shortly before flowering until the end of June. The trees absorb the nitrogen mainly as nitrate. Nitrate (anion) can promote the uptake of cations such as calcium (Ca2+), magnesium (Mg2+) and potassium (K+). N-doses can be applied specifically to the tree rows and only occasionally in the tramlines. If the N fertilizer is targeted exclusively to the tree rows, the concentration rate (N per area) should not exceed twice the concentration which would otherwise be used across the entire area. The total amount can be concentrated on the rows if used together with P, K, and Mg. N can be fertilized in liquid form using a boom sprayer or via irrigation. Young trees are fertilized according to their stage development.
Calcium is provided as chloride, oxide or chelate to prevent physiological disorders such as bitter pit, flesh browning, soft pulp, etc. Often one to two treatments five and three weeks before harvest are sufficient. Susceptible varieties or trees with low fruit setting need four to six treatments, approximately every ten days. Calcium is important for cell wall strength and cell wall growth and thus for good storage quality and shelf life.
Depending on growth and yield, annual MgO extraction is approximately 30kg /ha. Two-thirds of the nutrients taken up are found in the leaves, but these remain largely in the nutrient cycle. A good way to carry out magnesium soil fertilization is by using Mg-containing limestone. Pear trees are classed as being mildly sensitive to chloride; fertilization is best done using low-chloride or chloride-free potash-based NPK fertilizers.
LAT Nitrogen Austria GmbH
St.-Peter-Strasse 25
4021 Linz, Austria